Preparation of Eggshell Derived HA-BT Composite for Biomedical Applications

Abstract

Biogenic calcium carbonates are appealing sources for the creation of bioresponsive calcium phosphates because they intrinsically accommodate ions that are helpful for bone implantations. The current research investigates the novel hydroxyapatite formation cultivated from eggshells in reinforcement with barium titanate (BaTiO3) for application in bone tissue engineering. The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of indigenously produced eggshell-derived hydroxyapatite (EHA) in bone healing and concurrently comparing the materials properties with that of synthetic hydroxyapatite (SHA). By adopting the piezoelectric capabilities of BaTiO3, the study attempted to enhance the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of HA. Pure HA was extracted from eggshells via thermal and chemical processes, accompanied by a BaTiO3 consolidation procedure. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) techniques were used to assess the structural, morphological, and compositional attributes of the composite. The in vitro cytocompatibility and bioactivity tests of EHA nano-composite resulted in improved mechanical stability, enhanced osseointegration, and higher hydrophilicity in comparison to SHA composite. Moreover, the ongoing research introduces a sustainable method for managing eggshell waste in addition to a revolutionary technique for producing superior biomaterials.