Abstract
In this article, Bi2O3/Al high-density energetic composites with a core-shell structure were prepared by a two-step ball milling method using a common planetary ball milling instrument, and their morphology, structure, and properties were characterized in detail. Through a reasonable ratio design and optimization of the ball milling conditions, the density of the Bi2O3/Al core-shell energetic composite is increased by about 11.3% compared to that of the physical mixed sample under the same conditions. The DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) test also showed that the exothermic quantity of the thermite reaction of the energetic composite reached 2112.21 J/g, which is very close to the theoretical exothermic quantity. The effect of Bi2O3/Al core-shell energetic composite on the energy performance of insensitive HTPE propellant was further studied. The theoretical calculation results showed that replacing the partial Al with Bi2O3/Al core-shell energetic composite can make the density of propellant reach 2.056 g/cm3, and the density specific impulse reach 502.3 s·g/cm3, which is significantly higher than the density and density specific impulse of the conventional composite solid propellant. The thermal test showed that the explosive heat of the HTPE (Hydroxyl terminated polyether) propellant also increased with the increase of the content of Bi2O3/Al core-shell energetic composite.
Highlights
The development of modern weapons and space transportation has placed increasing demands on the energy performance of solid propellants
If Bi2 O3 can be used as the oxidant component in the solid propellant, it is expected to impart high density specific impulse characteristics to the solid propellant
The particle size of Bi2 O3 after ball milling in the first step is recorded as d, and the particle size of the Bi2 O3 /Al composites obtained after ball milling in the second step is recorded as dtotal, and the volume of which is recorded as Vtotal
Summary
The development of modern weapons and space transportation has placed increasing demands on the energy performance of solid propellants. The application of high-density energetic components in solid propellants can significantly increase the thrust of solid rocket engines [2]. Aluminum (Al) is the most commonly used metal burning agent in high-energy solid propellants, which can increase the density and combustion heat of the propellants. The technology can promote solid state ion diffusion, induce a low temperature chemical reaction, thereby improving the material’s compactness, electricity, thermal properties, etc. It is an energy-saving and efficient technology of material preparations [8,9]. The preparations of energetic composites by high-energy ball milling method have been reported [10,11]. Based on insensitive HTPE solid propellant (HTPE propellant), the effect of Bi2 O3 /Al core-shell energetic composites on the performances of HTPE propellant were investigated as well, which laid a foundation for the application of Bi2 O3 /Al core-shell energetic composites in the high energy density solid propellant
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