Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) play a significant role in science and technology because of their unique size, shape, properties and broad range of potential applications. This review focuses on the various approaches employed for the synthesis, modification and functionalization of nanostructured Au. The potential catalytic applications and their enhancement upon modification of Au nanostructures have also been discussed in detail. The present analysis also offers brief summaries of the major Au nanomaterials synthetic procedures, such as hydrothermal, solvothermal, sol-gel, direct oxidation, chemical vapor deposition, sonochemical deposition, electrochemical deposition, microwave and laser pyrolysis. Among the various strategies used for improving the catalytic performance of nanostructured Au, the modification and functionalization of nanostructured Au produced better results. Therefore, various synthesis, modification and functionalization methods employed for better catalytic outcomes of nanostructured Au have been summarized in this review.
Highlights
Nano is a Greek word which means small; particles with at least one dimension of less than 100 nm are called nanoparticles
It was found that the synthesis of spherical Au NPs at room temperature increased by increasing concentration ratio of Is/Au (III) in the range 3.4–9.52
cow pea mosaic virus (CPMV) shows additional surface changes allowing the attachment of nanoparticles of different metals and Au NPs, which lead to the development of finely regulated, highly appreciated bimetallic or multi-component catalysts [266]
Summary
Nano is a Greek word which means small; particles with at least one dimension of less than 100 nm are called nanoparticles. Compared with the 6sp band, the positive charge remaining in the 5d band has lower energy, so the affinity for electrons from the captured organic molecules is greater This property can be used in two reaction schemes. A small amount of excited electrons in Au may gain enough energy (above the green line in Figure 1) to be captured by the adsorbed O2 molecules on Au NPs under moderate visible light irradiation. Considering that the 6sp band overlaps the 5d band in terms of energy scale, the proposed mechanism provides the potential to turn on or turn off specific reactions by adjusting the wavelength of the irradiated light This discovery reveals a new type of photocatalyst and a possible way through which sunlight can be used to drive various chemical reactions on the photocatalyst at ambient temperature for environmental purification and solar fuels production. The basic mechanism of light absorption and simultaneous production of electron-hole, its trapping techniques and utilization have been described briefly
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