Abstract
Chitosan (CS, molecular weight 20.2 kDa, degree of deacylation (DD) 73.31%) was successfully obtained by deacetylation of chitin extracted from shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) shell wastes. The encapsulation of the bioactive natural product, panchovillin (PANV), isolated from Erythrina schliebenii, on a chitosan-tripolyphosphate (CS/TPP) nano-framework was achieved by ionotropic gelation. Characterization of pure CS, CS/TPP and PANV-CS/TPP nanocomposites was performed by FTIR, SEM and XRD. The molecular weight of chitosan and the thermal stability of the materials were determined by MALDI-TOF-MS and simultaneous thermal analyzer (STA)/DTG, respectively. The respective encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of the PANV were found to be 70% and 0.36%. The in vitro release studies showed an initial burst of 42% of PANV in the first six hours. This was followed by a slow and sustained release up to 72 h. The in vivo antimycobacterial activities of both PANV and PANV-CS/TPP nanocomposite against Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP) using Galleria mellonella larvae as an in vivo infection model are reported in this paper.
Highlights
Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary field that employs proficiencies and tools from diverse disciplines [1]
20.2 kDa, degree of N-deacetylation 73.5%) was obtained by deacetylation of chitin extracted from the waste shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) shells collected from Dar es Salaam Fish Market at Kivukoni, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
The polyphenol panchovillin was encapsulated into the CS/TPP framework by ionotropic gelation
Summary
Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary field that employs proficiencies and tools from diverse disciplines [1]. The technology has offered tremendous advancement in the field of therapeutics by means of designing various drug delivery systems, thereby increasing the possibilities of controlling infections at the molecular level [2]. The nanoparticle-based systems exhibit significant potential for treatment and prevention of tuberculosis due to their ability to intersect biological barriers and targeting the cellular reservoirs of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) [2]. Appreciable interest in the search for potential biomedical applications of biomaterials, such as exosomes, liposomes and chitosan, as carriers of therapeutic agents has been reported [1,3]. Chitosan offers various administration routes, such as oral, nasal and ocular mucosa, making it one of the most significantly attractive materials for drug delivery [4,5]. Scanty information is available on the application of chitosan in the delivery of potential anti-TB drugs.
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