Abstract
Chemical methods for the synthesis of glass and ceramic materials are becoming more and more important for the possibility of controlling the process at ultrastructure level. Silica and binary silicate gels have been prepared by three different gel routes: hydrolysis and polycondensation of alkoxides in alcoholic solution, gelation of colloidal sols in water, polymerization-depolymerization equilibrium of silicate anions in amines aqueous solutions. The structure and properties of the gels, along with their evolution towards glasses and glass ceramics are discussed in the light of results obtained by different techniques. It is shown that gels obtained by amine-silicate solutions are intermediate between those obtained by the other two methods. In all cases the nature of the starting solutions seems to affect the properties of the derived materials and the structural evolution with heat treatment.
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