Abstract
Versatile chemical reactions with the help of physical factors such as microwaves, sonic radiations, laser, elevated temperature and pressure have successfully been used to prepared silicon (high surface area), iron oxide (in amorphous and crystalline state), silver, gold, iron-platinum, cobalt-platinum nanoparticles. The microwaves fostered the chemical reactions via homogeneous and fast heating processes; the sonic radiations from an ultrasonicator created ultra-fast cooling rates at high power or just played a role of mechanical waves at low power; laser provided energy nanoparticles from bulk plates; elevated temperature and pressure produced good environments for unique reactions. All those preparation methods are simple and inexpensive but they could produce nanoparticles with interesting properties.
Highlights
Versatile chemical reactions with the help of physical factors such as microwaves, sonic radiations, laser, elevated temperature and pressure have successfully been used to prepared silicon, iron oxide, silver, gold, iron-platinum, cobalt-platinum nanoparticles
Nanoparticles may be the most studied nanomaterials because of the simplicity in the preparation process when compared to other types of nanomaterials such as nanotubes, nanowires
Interesting properties of nanoparticles come from (i) the large surface areas and (ii) the size of particles is smaller than the critical length of a certain chemical and physical properties
Summary
Microwave – an electromagnetic wave has been used as high frequency electric fields in chemical reactions. The successful incorporation of Co into ZnO was evidenced by X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption, and micro-Raman scattering, which showed that Co is homogeneously incorporated into the Zn-site without changing the host wurtzite structure for Co doping up to 5 %. XRD and Raman studies revealed that, two crystallite structures, anatase and rutile, coexist with V-. V-doping and subsequent coexistence of both anatase and rutile phase are considered to be responsible for the enhanced absorption of visible light up to 800 nm [14]. Microwave could produced amorphous iron oxide materials due to the fact that the fast and homogeneous heating by microwaves stimulated more simultaneous nucleation of iron oxide than heating with conventional methods. Combining magnetic study and thermal dynamics provides information of the crystallization process of the amorphous state
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