Abstract
The aim of the present study was to prepare spirulina polysaccharide (PSP) into an oral nanoemulsion (NE) with the aim of improving its oral bioavailability and prolonging its sustained release effect. The PSP-NE was prepared through a phase transformation method, and its formulation components were screened through the use of a pseudo-ternary phase diagram. The optimal formulation of PSP-NE was determined to be: 11.9% Span 80, 6.0% Tween-80, 9.0% ethanol, 62.8% soybean oil, and 10.3% PSP aqueous solution. The prepared PSP-NE was clear and transparent, had a uniform color and spherical morphology, exhibited stability and no adhesion. The average particle size was 79.93±19 nm, the polydispersity index was 0.185±0.04 (n=3), and the entrapment rate was 62%. Small-animal imaging results showed that the prepared PSP-NE exhibited a sustained release and tissue effect in contrast to the PSP aqueous solution. The present study showed that the prepared PSP-NE not only exhibited a sustained release and tissue effect in contrast to the PSP aqueous solution, but also had superior performance in terms of antitumor and antioxidant effects.
Highlights
Spirulina polysaccharide (PSP), a type of water‐soluble, physiologically active polysaccharide extracted from spirulina, has a large and complex molecular structure, which is mainly composed of glycosidic bonds [1]
The largest NE‐forming area was observed at Span 80/Tween-80=3:1, and this ratio was selected as the optimal surfactant complex for subsequent experiments
Liquid paraffin, sesame oil, injection‐grade soybean oil, and medium‐chain fatty acid triglycerides were selected as alternative oil phases
Summary
Spirulina polysaccharide (PSP), a type of water‐soluble, physiologically active polysaccharide extracted from spirulina, has a large and complex molecular structure, which is mainly composed of glycosidic bonds [1]. PSP is reported to have an effect on inhibiting tumor cell growth through inhibiting the synthesis of nucleic acid and proteins in cancer cells, but not directly killing cancer cells. The inhibitory effect of PSP on cancer cells has been reported to be time‐dependent [2,3]. PSP can maintain cellular health and inhibit senescence in the body by removing excess free radicals and preventing the oxidation of cellular oxidative substrates [6,7]. PSP can enhance the non‐specific cellular immune function in the body, and improve the ability to resist the invasion of viruses [8]. It has potential application and development value
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