Abstract
A partially biobased self-blowing and self-hardening polyurethane foam from glucose-based non-isocyanate polyurethanes (g-NIPU) was prepared by reaction of glucose with dimethyl carbonate and hexamethylene diamine. However, these foam types generally require a high foaming temperature. In this paper, a self-blowing foam based on g-NIPU was prepared at room temperature by using maleic acid as an initiator and glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker. Water absorption, compression resistance, and fire resistance were tested. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the foam cells structure. Middle infrared (ATR FT-MIR) and Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry were used to help to analyze the reactions during the foaming process. The results obtained showed that self- blowing rigid foams have good compression, this being directly proportional to the foam density. Increasing the amount of glutaraldehyde or reducing maleic acid thickens the cell walls and increases the density of the foams. MALDI-TOF analysis showed that g-NIPU reacts with both maleic acid and glutaraldehyde. The foams presented poor fire resistance indicating that, as for isocyanate based polyurethane foams, addition of a fire retardant would be necessary.
Highlights
As heat insulation foams are widely used in daily life and industry, where light weight, good sound absorption and shock absorption material characteristics are sought after
The traditional synthesis route of PU is based on the reaction of polyols with polyisocyanates
The main route to the preparation of non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPU) is by reacting a cyclic carbonate with a primary amine (Scheme 1)
Summary
As heat insulation foams are widely used in daily life and industry, where light weight, good sound absorption and shock absorption material characteristics are sought after. Foams have a wide range of uses in the decoration, construction, packaging, refrigeration, automotive and other industries due to their mature technology and high output. The traditional synthesis route of PU is based on the reaction of polyols with polyisocyanates. Due to polyisocyanates (such as toluene diisocyanate (TDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI)) having strong volatility, toxicity, and being harmful to the environment, non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPU) have been synthesized [1,2], to eliminate these drawbacks of isocyanate-based polyurethanes. The main route to the preparation of NIPU is by reacting a cyclic carbonate with a primary amine (Scheme 1).
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