Abstract
Nanomaterials are widely used in electrocatalysts due to their quantum size effect and high utilization efficiency. There are two ways to improve the activity of nanoelectrocatalysts: increasing the number of active sites and improving the inherent activity of each catalytic site. The structure of the catalyst itself can be improved by increasing the number of exposed active sites per unit mass. The high porosity and three-dimensional network structure enable aerogels to have the characteristics of a large specific surface area, exposing many active sites and bringing structural stability through the self-supporting nature of aerogels. Thus, by adjusting the compositions of aerogels, the synergetic effect introduced by alloy elements can be utilized to further improve the single-site activity. In this review, we summarized the basic preparation strategy of aerogels and extended it to the preparation of alloys and special structure aerogels. Moreover, through the eight electrocatalysis cases, the outstanding catalytic performances and broad applicability of aerogel electrocatalysts are emphasized. Finally, we predict the future development of pure metallic aerogel electrocatalysts from the perspective of preparation to application.
Highlights
IntroductionThe International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) defines gel as a “non-fluid colloidal network or polymer network that is expanded throughout its whole volume by a fluid.”
The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) defines gel as a “non-fluid colloidal network or polymer network that is expanded throughout its whole volume by a fluid.”Since ancient times, hydrogels had been widely investigated and utilized
The metal nanoparticles with ligands attached to the surface can be formed after the stabilizers are ionized or hydrolyzed, which can bring electrostatic repulsion and space repulsion to balance the van der Waals force among particles and ensure colloidal stability
Summary
The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) defines gel as a “non-fluid colloidal network or polymer network that is expanded throughout its whole volume by a fluid.”. PdThe metal aerogels exhibited a specific surface area of 242 m obtained by et COal. 2 supercritical drying composition and structure of monomers can be tuned, which extends the types of aerogels and provides a new researchers excellent electrocatalytic activity and stability in ethanol oxidation [12]. Carbon and the low conductivity of oxides are the main problems faced by these electrocatalysts network material with excellent electronic conductivity, metal aerogels can completely in avoid catalyst electrocatalytic applications [10]. Based on two common preparation methods of catalyst aerogels, this destruction article discusses conductivity, metal aerogels can completely avoid structure caused bythe the preparation decomposition of carbon support with at hightunable potential compositions and are widely used as special electrocatalyst materials The analysis and formation mechanism of aerogels and structures. Based on methods of metal aerogel catalysts, aerogels’ future development is expected
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