Abstract
Novel multiwalled carbon nanotubes/ Fe-Co doped titanate nanotubes nanocomposite (MWCNTs/Fe-Co doped TNTs) facilitated the charge transfer and enhanced sensitivity and selectivity. Herein, three novel modified carbon paste sensors (CPSs) based on MWCNTs (sensor I), Fe-Co doped TNTs (sensor II) and MWCNTs/Fe-Co doped TNTs composite (sensor III) were fabricated for a simple, low cost and high accuracy electrochemical method for the potentiometric determination of sulpiride (SLP). The sensors exhibited excellent Nernstian slopes 57.1 ± 0.4, 56 ± 0.5 and 58.8 ± 0.2 mV decade−1 with detection limits (DL) 7.6 × 10−7, 1.58 × 10−6 and 8.7 × 10−8 mol L−1, quantification limits (QL) 2.5 × 10−6, 5.2 × 10−6 and 2.9 × 10−7 mol L−1 for a long lifetime 20, 18, and 25 weeks for sensors (I), (II), and (III), respectively. The modified sensor (III) was applicable by measuring the concentration of spiked SLP in pure solutions, pharmaceutical products, human urine, and real water samples. The proposed method can be used as an important analytical tool in the quality control of the pharmaceutical industry.
Highlights
Novel multiwalled carbon nanotubes/ Fe-Co doped titanate nanotubes nanocomposite (MWCNTs/ Fe-Co doped TNTs) facilitated the charge transfer and enhanced sensitivity and selectivity
The ion exchange process between Na and Fe, Co has been confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis (XPS)
Our preliminary study based on β-CD ionophore, NaTPB as lipophilic anionic additive and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) as plasticizer showed slope 59.5 ± 0.3 mV decade−1 within the concentration range 1.0 × 10−5 – 1 × 10−2 mol L−1 with detection limits (DL) 5.0 × 10−6 mol L−117, to enhance the performance for this sensor we modified the sensor paste with novel nanocomposite
Summary
The band gap shift after doping of TNTs with different Fe-Co ratios has been studied. In the current study we have select only one concentration of Fe-Co doped TNT where the Fe:Co ratio was 3:7. The sensitivity and selectivity of potentiometric sensors are improved using ionophores as sensing materials through the formation of inclusion complexes with the target analytes[41]. Our preliminary study based on β-CD ionophore, NaTPB as lipophilic anionic additive and DBP as plasticizer showed slope 59.5 ± 0.3 mV decade−1 within the concentration range 1.0 × 10−5 – 1 × 10−2 mol L−1 with DL 5.0 × 10−6 mol L−117, to enhance the performance for this sensor we modified the sensor paste with novel nanocomposite. Lipophilicity, viscosity, volatility, molecular weight and cost are considered other important factors affecting the potentiometric response of sensors.
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