Abstract
In this study, films with different fluorine contents were prepared on an AZ31 magnesium alloy by using plasma electrolytic oxidation to study the corrosion resistance and cytocompatibility of the alloy. The morphology of the coating surface, phase, and chemical elements were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS). The changes in the corrosion resistance with different fluorine contents were investigated by electrochemical experiments, hydrogen evolution, and long-term immersion tests. In addition, murine fibroblast L-929 cells were adopted for in vitro cytotoxicity tests using the cell counting kit (CCK)-8 assay, and the morphology of the cells was observed simultaneously by inverted microscopy. The results showed that the main form of the fluorine ions in the plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings was magnesium fluoride (MgF2). In addition, the corrosion resistance and cytocompatibilities of the coatings were improved by the addition of fluoride ions. When the content of potassium fluoride reached 10 g/L, the cell compatibility and corrosion resistance were the best, a finding which provides a basis for the clinical applications of the AZ31 magnesium alloy in the biomedical field.
Highlights
In recent years, many studies have focused on the clinical application of magnesium and its alloys as temporary implants, mainly as fracture fixation materials and coronary stents [1,2,3,4,5,6]
The electrochemical corrosion tests of the AZ31 magnesium alloy and plasma electrolytic oxidized samples were carried out using an electrochemical station (Autolab PGSTAT302N, Metrohm, The Netherlands) to evaluate corrosion resistance
2 peaks were present in the coatings prepared in the electrolyte containing KF, indicating that the MgF2 peaks were present in the coatings prepared in the electrolyte containing KF, indicating that fluoride ions entered the discharge channel in the reaction process, participated in the plasma fluoride ions entered the discharge channel in the reaction process, participated in the plasma electrolytic electrolytic oxidation reaction, and generated compounds
Summary
Many studies have focused on the clinical application of magnesium and its alloys as temporary implants, mainly as fracture fixation materials and coronary stents [1,2,3,4,5,6]. The main methods of surface modification include sol-gel processes [15,16], biomimetic mineralization [17], laser surface melting (LSM) [18], anodic electrodeposition [19], and plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) [20] ( known as micro-arc oxidation [21]) Among these methods, PEO has been widely accepted over the last few years due to its low cost, environmentally friendly process, and ability to produce high-quality ceramic coatings that can simultaneously improve the corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and cell compatibility of substrates [22,23]. Plasma electrolytic oxidation was used to prepare different fluorine-containing coatings on the surface of the AZ31 magnesium alloy to enhance its corrosion resistance and cytocompatibility and to quantify the optimum fluorine content. This study provides knowledge for the application of magnesium alloys in the field of biomedicine
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