Preparation and characterization of carboxylated styrene butadiene rubber (XSBR)/multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanocomposites

Abstract

This study deals with the preparation of carboxylated styrene butadiene rubber (XSBR)/multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanocomposites prepared in the latex form by means of a ball mill. Two types of CNTs, i.e., non-functionalized and OH-functionalized (CNT–OH) were used. The rheological properties, FTIR spectrums, SEM micrographs and stress relaxation experiments were exploited to evaluate the resulting nanocomposites. For a given frequency, both the viscosity and storage modulus increased as the concentration of CNT was augmented with the greatest value for the nanocomposites loaded with CNT–OH. The viscosity of nanocomposites exhibited a shear thinning behavior throughout applied frequency and indicated a power law index of about n = 0.22. Nanocomposite ATR analyses revealed the presence of physical interaction of H-bonding type between hydroxyl group of CNT–OH and carboxyl group of XSBR for XSBR–CNTOH nanocomposites. A mechanism based on the chemistry of medium was proposed to explain the development of H-bonding. SEM micrographs confirmed the uniformity of carbon nanotubes dispersion in the resulting microstructure. A two-step innovative stress relaxation experiment was performed on the prepared nanocomposites through which the resulting microstructure of nanocomposites was further explored. The relaxation behavior of nanocomposites (both in first and second steps) were modeled and well predicted using Prony series and the parameters of generalized Maxwell equation for stress relaxation, \( \tau_{i} \) and \( g_{i} \) were computed, as well.