Abstract

This work includes a synthesis of three types of the activated carbon (AC) from three different positions from the same Iraqi Khestawy date palm. These three positions are the palm fronds (AC1), the date palm seeds (AC2), and the palm fiber (AC3). These three types of AC were synthesized by a physiochemical activation method using the same activator which was H3PO4. These materials were investigated using different techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The adsorption activity of the synthesized AC samples was investigated by following the removal of both Bismarck brown G (BBG) and reactive yellow dye 145 (RY145). Both the kinetics of adsorption and the removal percentage of these dyes were investigated from the batch tests in this study. Different reaction parameters and conditions for adsorption processes were investigated. Also an investigation of both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms was considered. The different physical properties of these materials were undertaken such as the point zero charges of the synthesized samples (PZCs), the percentage of humidity, and the adsorption capacity also being investigated. The activity of these materials in the removal of BBG from the aqueous solution was as follows:AC1>AC2>AC3.

Highlights

  • Activated carbon (AC) is a type of carbonaceous materials

  • Surface morphology of the AC samples was investigated using Scanning Electron Microscope Inspect 550, Netherland. This equipment was operated at 25 kV and prior to run in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) machine, the AC samples were dried and they were adhesive on carbon tape attached to aluminum-stubbed sputter coated with platinum

  • This study showed that an activated carbon can be prepared from raw widely available agricultural materials in Iraq such as date palms

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Summary

Introduction

Activated carbon (AC) is a type of carbonaceous materials. It normally differs from elemental carbon by the oxidation of carbon atoms that are present on the inner and outer surfaces [1]. This involves their large specific areas, nontoxicity, high porosity, and the ability of their tunable surface to contain different functional groups According to these properties, AC types have been widely used as adsorbent materials for a wide range of applications [2,3,4]. Activated carbon has been considered as an important type of adsorbents due to its high microporosity with a high surface area and nontoxicity [18] It can be used as a good adsorbent for a wide range of adsorbates. It is well known that Iraq is famous globally for its agriculture of many classes of date palms and due to the fact that these precursors’ raw materials are available widely This project can be developed for use in mass applications. The activity of AC was investigated by the adsorption of Bismarck brown G and reactive yellow dye 145 as a model of a polluted dye from their aqueous solutions

Experimental Part
Results and Discussion
Conclusions
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