Abstract
For allergic diseases to develop, three components must be present: heredity, allergen contact and environmental factors. Allergic diseases are the most common chronic diseases in children and adolescents. This paper aims to present the latest findings on prenatal and perinatal risk factors for the development of atopic disease. The analysis was conducted by researching papers from the MEDLINE and PubMed databases published before September 2021. It has been determined that a mother's immune system during pregnancy plays a key role in the development of the fetus and affects the overall well-being of her offspring later in life. Immune dysregulation during the gestation period is proven to be associated with adverse maternal, fetal and neonatal outcomes. Contrary to the long-established belief that amniotic fluid is a sterile medium, it is now known that the fetus receives its first dose of probiotics by swallowing amniotic fluid. In connection with that, the microbiota of the mother greatly affects the microbiome of the newborn. Premature birth, cesarean delivery, intrapartum administration of antibiotics and other drugs can all harm the formation of the baby's microbiome. Understanding the importance of environmental factors in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases as well as the old hygiene hypothesis concept in the light of microbial disorders, it is clear that all previously mentioned parameters can have a very important impact on the development of allergic diseases in children.
Highlights
Schlünssen i saradnika je pokazala da postoji povećana šansa za pojavu atopijskog dermatitisa kod dece sa pozitivnom maternalnom anamnezom na atopijski dermatitis ukoliko su tokom trudnoće bile na antibiotskoj terapiji [29]
PRENATAL AND PERINATAL RISK FACTORS FOR ALLERGIC DISEASE DEVELOPMENTĐorđe FILIPOVIĆ1, Ivana FILIPOVIĆ2, Milan LACKOVIĆ2, Slađana MIHAJLOVIĆ2,3 1Institute for cardiovascular disease Dedinje, Belgrade, Serbia; 2University Hospital Center Dr Dragisa Mišović, Belgrade, Serbia; 3 Medical faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Summary
Za nastanak alergijskih bolesti su neophodne tri kompnente: nasleđe, kontakt sa alergenom i faktori okruženja. Ako sagledamo faktore sredine kao izuzetno važne u patogenezi alergijskih bolesti, i stari koncept higijenske hipoteze u svetlu poremećaja mikrobima jasno je da svi prethodno pomenuti parametri mogu imati i imaju veoma važan uticaj na razvoj alergijskih boelsti kod dece. Za nastanak alergijskih bolesti su neophodne tri komponente: nasleđe, kontakt sa alergenom i faktori okruženja. Alergijske bolesti su najčešće hronične bolesti kod dece i adolescenata. Alergijske bolesti pokazuju uzrasnu specifičnost najbolje opisanu kroz fenomen „atopijskog marša“: počinju najčešće još u prvoj godini života kao atopijski dermatitis ili alergija na hranu da bi kasnije progredirale u respiratorne alergijske bolesti kao što su astma i alergijski rinitis. U 60% slučajeva, prve manifestacije se javljaju već u 1. godini života kao alergije na hranu i/ili atopijski dermatitis [3,4]
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