Забезпеченість вітаміном D та вплив його дефіциту на перебіг алергічних захворювань у дітей

Abstract

The prevalence of allergic pathology is increasing significantly in both adults and children, and at the same time, the problem of vitamin D deficiency remains relevant. Recent studies have revealed a close connection between vitamin D deficiency and the development of allergic diseases in children. In addition to its role in bone and calcium metabolism, recent observations have shown its possible role as an immunomodulator in allergic diseases. This is due to the presence of vitamin D receptors in most cells of the human body. One of the most important functions of vitamin D is to modulate the response of the immune system, both innate and adaptive. Currently, there is no consensus on the possible mechanisms of vitamin D involvement in the pathogenesis of allergies. It is believed that the role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases is due to its regulatory effect on the immune system, participation in antimicrobial protection and ensuring the barrier function of the skin and mucous membranes. In this regard, considerable attention is paid to the study of the role of vitamin D in the development and course of allergic diseases in children. Purpose - to summarize the literature data on the biological role of vitamin D and the impact of its deficiency on the course of allergic diseases in children. Results and conclusions. In most scientific studies, the adverse effect of vitamin D deficiency on the allergic process has been established - an insufficient level of 25(OH)D in blood serum was found in children with asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis and food allergies. Also, a number of authors found a connection between the status of vitamin D and the risk of development and exacerbation of an allergic disease or indicators of a severe course. Although other researchers deny such relationship. Despite the inconsistencies in the literature, it is possible to note the important role of vitamin D in the development and course of allergic diseases in children. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.