Prenatal diagnosis and follow-up of a case with Lowe syndrome caused by interstitial deletion of Xq25-26

Abstract

To report on a sporadic case of Lowe syndrome diagnosed prenatally with ultrasound examination and genetic testing. Detailed sonographic fetal screening was performed by an experienced sonographer at 32 weeks of gestation. Fetal cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was applied to detect potential brain abnormality. Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) was conducted on amniotic fluid sample from the fetus and peripheral blood sample from the mother. Congenital cataract and enlarged posterior fossa were detected by fetal ultrasound screening. Fetal cranial MRI found hypoplasia of the gyrus. CMA revealed that the fetus has carried a 633 kb deletion at Xq25-26.1 which encompassed the OCRL gene. The mother was a carrier of the same deletion. Clinical examination after birth confirmed that the neonate was affected with Lowe syndrome in addition with an atrial septal defect. Prenatal diagnosis of Lowe syndrome without a family history largely depends on fetal imaging. Should cataract be found by ultrasound screening, fetal MRI may be considered to rule out central nervous system anomalies. CMA assay should also be considered to facilitate the diagnosis.