Abstract
Objective: The objective is to study the antibacterial activity of six medicinal plants against two naso-pharyngeal pathogens and determination of total phenol contents in ethanol extracts of those plants. Methods: Different serial concentrations (0.05 g/mL, 0.1 g/mL, 0.2 g/mL, 0.4 g/mL) of ethanolic and acetone extracts of Piper nigrum L. (Piperaceae), Ocimum sanctum Linn., Plectranthus amboinicus L. (Lamiaceae), Ayapana triplinervis M.Vahl. (Asteraceae), Cinnamomum zeylanicum L. (Lauraceae), Allium schoenoprasum Linn. (Liliaceace) were evaluated for the antibacterial activity using disc diffusion method against gram positive Streptococcus pyogenes and gram negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The extracts were prepared from different parts of the plants. The total phenol content was estimated using folin-ciocaltau reagent in catechol equivalents. Results: Majority of the extracts had inhibitory effect against the tested bacteria at different concentrations. In ethanol extracts, Plectranthus amboinicus exhibited the maximum zone of inhibition (14 mm) at 0.05 g/mL concentration against Streptococcus pyogenes, and Ocimum sanctum showed highest zone of bacterial inhibition (19 mm) at 0.05 g concentration against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In acetone extracts, Piper nigrum had the maximum zone of bacterial inhibition (17 mm) in 0.4 g/mL concentration against Streptococcus pyogenes and Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Allium schoenoprasum exhibited the highest zone of bacterial inhibition (0.4 g/mL) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The ethanol extract of Plectranthus amboinicus contained the highest amount of phenol (0.8 mg/mL) and Allium schoenoprasum contained the lowest amount (0.62 mg/mL). In acetone, Cinnamomum zeylanicum contained highest phenol content (0.78 mg/mL). Conclusion: All these investigations pave way to the molecular modeling of the lead phyto compounds present in the studied plants, and also in finding out their biochemical action in various metabolic pathways and reactions of infection.
Highlights
The increase in the number of multi-drug resistant microbial strains (MDR phenotypes) and the appearance of strains with reduced susceptibility to antibiotics is proved to be the major concerns all around the globe
Concentration against Streptococcus pyogenes and Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Allium schoenoprasum exhibited the highest zone of bacterial inhibition (0.4 g/mL) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
The results of antimicrobial activities of the ethanolic and acetone extracts of these plants are presented in Table and Table 2. This antibacterial activity was quantitatively determined by the presence or absence of inhibition zone around the discs containing extracts
Summary
The increase in the number of multi-drug resistant microbial strains (MDR phenotypes) and the appearance of strains with reduced susceptibility to antibiotics is proved to be the major concerns all around the globe. Effective lifespan of any antibiotic is limited and the increased resistance shown by microbes leads to the investigation of new sources such as phytochemicals that are heavily investigated today [2]. Chemical antibiotics are not the last word for the treatment because of the increased number of MDR phenotypes of human pathogens. No literature was available for the comparative study of the antibacterial activity of a group of medicinal plants extracts against two particular bacteria. We selected plants based on their importance in the traditional Indian Folklore Medicine, for the treatment of infections related with pharynx
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