Abstract
Presence of genetically modified (GM) organisms is considered to be controversial by legislation and public. It is very important to develop detection methods for early discriminations. Conventional gene detection methods, including protein detection (PCR, ELISA, and so on) and DNA detection (Southern blot, GC/MS, and so on), have the disadvantages of high costs, time‐consuming, complex operations, and destructive of the samples. Terahertz spectroscopy (THz) is a brand‐new radiation with many unique advantages. Most biological macromolecules have fingerprint characteristics in THz band from the current recognition. In this study, feasibility of identifying the transgenic cotton seeds from nontransgenic counterparts using THz spectroscopy method was investigated. The transgenic cotton seeds‐Lumianyan No.28 and nontransgenic cotton seeds‐Xinluzao No.51 were selected and the sample‐making methods were studied; then the refractive and absorption curves of samples were got and given a detailed discussion; finally, absorption index of transgenic and nontransgenic DNA was observed and discussed. The results showed there were small fluctuations in THz band, and refractive index of transgenic seeds was lower than nontransgenic ones and had obvious turning point at 1.4–2.0 THz region. There were significant peaks in 1.0–1.2 and 1.3–1.5 THz regions for the transgenic cotton seeds. Transgenic DNA had higher absorption index than nontransgenic DNA, and there were 3–4 peaks corresponding to the cotton seed samples in 1.0–1.6 THz region. These results showed cotton seeds samples can provide important bio‐information in THz band, and this study provided a basis for developing potential THz‐based gene detection technologies.
Highlights
Nowadays, bio-technology's quick development has brought a great variety of transgenes transferred into crops and products-derived varieties (Lois, Hong, Pease, Brown, & Baltimore, 2002; Zhao, Qian, Wang, & Huang, 2007)
Complex intramolecular and intermolecular characteristics of bio-polymers and polyethylene, such as skeletal vibrations or hydrogen bonding, are affected by each other and have little been known until the THz spectroscopy and imaging technique comes and, the sample-making technologies for the transgenic and nontransgenic cotton seeds to get useful signals are worth studying
The presented preliminary study has designed to obtain and observe the absorption difference between the transgenic and nontransgenic cotton seeds in THz band and tried to explore a method to identify the transgenic cotton seeds from its counterparts using THz spectroscopy probing methods, which demonstrates the capability of THz techniques for detecting the binding state of genetic material directly
Summary
Bio-technology's quick development has brought a great variety of transgenes transferred into crops and products-derived varieties (Lois, Hong, Pease, Brown, & Baltimore, 2002; Zhao, Qian, Wang, & Huang, 2007). Existing researches have proved that the above objectives could be achieved by spectral methods such as near-infrared, Raman, hyperspectral imaging, and visible near-infrared (Baranski & Baranska, 2008; Xie, Ying, Ying, Yu, & Fu, 2007; Xu, Liu, Xie, & Ying, 2014). Such methods own the advantages of nondestructive monitor, fast and simple operation. Complex intramolecular and intermolecular characteristics of bio-polymers and polyethylene, such as skeletal vibrations or hydrogen bonding, are affected by each other and have little been known until the THz spectroscopy and imaging technique comes and, the sample-making technologies for the transgenic and nontransgenic cotton seeds to get useful signals are worth studying. Considering the above, the objective of this research was to obtain and observe the absorption difference between the transgenic and nontransgenic cotton seeds in THz band and try to explore a method to identify the transgenic cotton seeds from its counterparts using
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