Abstract
Pesticides pose a threat to the environment and eventually human health. Extent of contamination of pesticides can be determined and monitored by analysis of pesticide residue in surface water, sediments, soil, and biota. Samples were collected from Manlapay, Barangay Mantalongon in Dalaguete, reportedly the vegetable basket of Cebu, from October to November 2013. Concentration of the pesticide deltamethrin was determined by Gas Chromatography-Electron Capture Detector along with organic matter content (OM), potassium (K) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) using standard methods of analysis. Data showed that deltamethrin was found to be present in soil and cabbage and beyond detection limit in water. Inverse relationship was found between residue in cabbage and in soil confirming pesticide leaching as supported by rainfall data. Organic matter and cation exchange capacity in soil showed significant correlation to detected deltamethrin residue confirming that pyrethroids are strongly bound to organic matter and free exchangeable potassium ions. Deltamethrin residue in water does not show any correlation to any other parameters as it is beyond detection limit, probably due to volatilization and photodegradation of deltamethrin in water. Temperature variation does not show significant difference to deltamethrin residue in all three matrices. The detected deltamethrin residue concentrations in the cabbage (<0.001-0.029 ppm), soil samples (0.007-0.008 ppm) and water samples (<0.0005 ppm) were all below international guideline limits (ASEAN maximum level of 0.5 ppm deltamethrin in cabbage, EC ecologically accepted concentration of 1290 mg deltamethrin/kg soil, and a maximum limit of 0.0025 ppm deltamethrin according to Canadian water quality, respectively). Inspite of the low concentrations detected in cabbage, soil and water samples, an extensive pesticide monitoring on environmental samples within the area is advisable. This will help the adoption of an efficient risk assessment strategy to inform appropriate interventions.
Highlights
Agriculture is still the most common form of employment in the Philippines and the current industrial agricultural system depends muchArmstrong Calinawan, Concepcion S
Deltamethrin residues are expected to be distributed with different ratio in vegetation, soil, water, air, living creatures and crops resulting to several ecological risks, by causing algal blooms, toxicity to aquatic organisms and reducing bee populations and associated pollination service (EXTOXNET, 1996)
The farm is sloping with uneven ground and is divided unequally into three distinct land mass separated by piles of rocks strategically built to prevent soil erosion, where cabbage is a common crop
Summary
Deltamethrin residues are expected to be distributed with different ratio in vegetation, soil, water, air, living creatures and crops resulting to several ecological risks, by causing algal blooms, toxicity to aquatic organisms and reducing bee populations and associated pollination service (EXTOXNET, 1996). There is the need to investigate the toxic effects of deltamethrin and other pyrethroids and to reduce pesticide risks to humans and the environment. Deltamethrin residues in cabbage, in soil and in water were assessed to obtain preliminary information on the status of deltamethrin residues in one of the Cebucabbage growing areas; from Manlapay, Barangay Mantalongon in Dalaguete, reportedly the vegetable basket of Cebu. Each step of the andene was designated as top, middle and bottom sites for cabbage and soil sampling purposes.
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