Abstract
The aim of this study is to develop an Emulsion Liquid Membrane (ELM) system for the extraction of acetaminophen (ACTP). Firstly, ELM was formulated by the screening of liquid membrane components where the compatibility of diluent with other membrane phase components was investigated. The chosen carrier, diluent and stripping solution must comply with the reaction at the interface of the membrane to support the simultaneous processes of extraction and stripping. Therefore, parameters such as stripping agent concentration, volume ratio, initial concentration of feed phase and HCl concentration were investigated. A stable emulsion and maximum acetaminophen removal efficiency of 85% was achieved.
Highlights
The presence of contaminants in effluents and receiving waters caused by humans and animals can potentially affect the environment
The separation process of Emulsion Liquid Membrane (ELM) consists of three main phases while the ELM itself consists of four main components
Span 80 was used due to its hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) value of 4.3 which is in the range for the application of water-in-oil (W/O) emulsifiers
Summary
The presence of contaminants in effluents and receiving waters caused by humans and animals can potentially affect the environment. According to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and U.S Department of Defence (DoD), CECs are “chemicals or materials which are characterized by a perceived, potential or real threat to human health or the environment or lack of published health standards”. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and U.S Department of Defence (DoD), CECs are “chemicals or materials which are characterized by a perceived, potential or real threat to human health or the environment or lack of published health standards” They can be perceived as “any synthetic or naturally occurring chemicals or any microorganisms that are not commonly monitored in the environment but has the potential to enter the environment and cause known or suspected adverse ecological and/or human health effects”, as defined by The United States Geological Survey (USGS)
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