Abstract
Maize is one of the most important crops in Ethiopia. The production of the crop is threatened by a number of biotic and a biotic factor. Among biotic factors, common rust caused by Puccinia sorghi Schw, is one of destructive foliar diseases of maize in Ethiopia. A study was conducted during the main cropping season (April to November, 2016) in the field at Arsi Negele research farm, Ethiopia with the objective of screening 92 maize accessions and 2 farmer’s verities checks against common rust disease. The experiment was laid out in augmented design with no replications. Disease assessment was done as percentage of leaf area infected on individual plant at 15 days intervals starting from 55 days after planting to cropping season for 5 times. The mean values of disease incidence, severity and AUDPC were calculated and yield recorded. The higher disease percent severity and AUDPC, least yield and thousand seed weight were observed from accessions, AN-239620, AN-9195, AN-9988, AN-9991, AN-15459, AN-15460, AN-16021, AN-18121, AN-18122 and Check-1 with mean values (63.94%, 1694.5%-in days, 3.04 to 3.69 t/ha and 240 to 297g) respectively and categorized in moderately susceptible group. Conversely, the minimum percent disease severity, AUDPC, higher yield and thousand seed weight were recorded from accessions, AN-16559, AN-9987, AN-16571, AN-18104, AN-18106, AN-18121, AN2-4297, AN-913, AN-15325 AN-15326, AN-15461, AN-16276, AN-16278, AN-241584 and AN-162383, with mean values of (31.01%, 720.4%-in days, 4.81 to 5.59 t/ha and 380 to 442g) respectively and grouped in resistant category. Therefore, accessions recorded low percent disease severity and AUDPC values could be used as the resistant varieties and source of resistance to common rust for varietal development of maize.
Highlights
Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important food crops world-wide
Ninety two maize accessions obtained from Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute (Gene bank) and two farmer’s verities check named as check 1 and 2 were sown at Arsi Negele research farm site to evaluate against common rust disease at different plant growth stages during the main cropping seasons in 2016
Data on all disease parameters (disease incidence, disease severity, percentage severity index (PSI), area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) and disease progression rate (r), yield and thousand seed weight were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using Statistical Analysis System version 9.1 software (SAS Institute, 2002)
Summary
Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important food crops world-wide It is the principal component of human diet and feed constituent for domestic animals. It ranks third in production worldwide following wheat and rice and is grown in most parts of the world over a wide range of environmental conditions [1]. It occupies an important position in the world economy as food, feed, and industrial grain crop. The use of resistant varieties is effective for resource constrained farmers This is the durable and economical means for disease management. This study was carried out to investigate the potential of 92 maize accessions against common rust disease which serve as a preliminary information that could help in developing Puccinia sorghi resistant and high yielding maize varieties under field conditions
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