Abstract
This paper presents the first work of its kind within the confines of the study area. It unravels the distribution of the layers of conductive sand and their depths of interaction between freshwater from fresh sands and saltwater within the conductive layers in the coastal region of Akwa Ibom State (Nigeria) around the Gulf of Guinea. Vertical electrical sounding (VES) data whose fidelity was achieved by constraining the data by the available nearby logged borehole information during interpretation was the method applied. In the western region of the study area, the ferruginized and saline water layer is found within the depth range of 22 to 75 m deep. In the northern zone, conductive sandy layer is found within 50 to 210 m and in the eastern zone, the saline and ferruginized sandy layer is found within the depth of 88.5 m and above. Generally, the horizontal and vertical cross sections of the subsoil and the flow regime from water table depths have been delineated. With these information, water can be tapped in the area with caution and the flow direction determined can be used as input parameter in detailed contamination study.
Highlights
One of the major challenges faced by the communities within the coastal regions of any nation is the encroachment of seawater into the coastal aquifers due partly to excessive abstraction of groundwater in the coastal area
This paper presents the first work of its kind within the confines of the study area
It unravels the distribution of the layers of conductive sand and their depths of interaction between freshwater from fresh sands and saltwater within the conductive layers in the coastal region of Akwa Ibom State (Nigeria) around the Gulf of Guinea
Summary
One of the major challenges faced by the communities within the coastal regions of any nation is the encroachment of seawater into the coastal aquifers due partly to excessive abstraction of groundwater in the coastal area. The observation is viewed as a result of influx of conductive water from conductive sand into the borehole after some period of pumping or influx of ferruginized and saline water either from the river or permeable layer of paleowater aquifer into the over pumped borehole screen surrounding. This problem which is natural can be carefully mitigated by locating the screen in water bearing units away from the scientifically screened layer of conductive or ferruginized sandy layer. Borehole screens stationed in the conductive aquifer will continue to yield water that is conductive
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