Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) production in Brazil has been recently established and is growing, but only a few studies have been published on the topic, particularly involving commercial EVOO samples. A preliminary discrimination of Brazilian EVOOs according to olive cultivar and region of production was conducted. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were performed based on the results of recent published work by our research group on the evaluation of the quality parameters, the metabolic profile, and other typical features of commercial EVOOs from Brazil. One of the oleuropein aglycone isomers, linoleic acid, α-tocopherol, and free sterols were found to be the most discriminating variables within the models. PLS-DA also revealed the region of production as a significant factor in samples’ clustering. The present work provides a preview of Brazilian EVOOs typicity and discloses the urge for further investigations with a higher number of commercial samples, from different olive cultivars and production regions. The comprehensive definition of the identity of their chemical profiles could provide Brazilian oils with a significant added value, and possibly show distinctive features that could motivate the future establishment of protected designation of origin.
Highlights
Brazil is one of the largest global importers of olive oil with an increase in imports of 20% between 2018/19 and 2019/20 harvest seasons
Koroneiki Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) from Brazil were grouped separately depending on the region of production: samples from the Southeast, highly influenced by the content of oleuropein aglycone, were clustered separately from those from the South, which presented higher influence of the content of α-tocopherol, except for brand G
Arbequina EVOOs were not clustered according to their production country, samples from the Southeast of Brazil seemed to be more influenced by the contents of linoleic acid and free sterols, whereas free sterols clustered Arbequina oils from the South of Brazil and from Spain
Summary
Brazil is one of the largest global importers of olive oil with an increase in imports of 20% between 2018/19 and 2019/20 harvest seasons. Brazil started olive oil production relatively recently, with the first known industrial batch dating from 2008, in the Southeast region. Thereafter, the application of multivariate analysis to this data could provide olive oils’ discrimination by cultivar and geographical origin based on samples’ compositional profiles, as previously evidenced by different authors working with samples produced in other countries [3,4]. Regarding Brazilian olive oils, in a recent study, commercial olive oils (monovarietal oils from four different cultivars and two blends) were tentatively discriminated based on their chemical profile, and oil blends located midway between their monovarietal cultivars [5]. Preliminary discrimination of non-commercial samples by geographical origin and cultivar has been reported in several research works [2,6,7,8,9,10]. To the best of our knowledge, this geographical origin clustering has not been reported for Brazilian commercial samples to date
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