Pregnancy with endometriosis: Assessment of national-level trends, characteristics, and maternal morbidity at delivery

Abstract

ObjectiveTo examine pregnancy characteristics and maternal morbidity at delivery among pregnant patients with a diagnosis of endometriosis. Study designThis cross-sectional study queried the National Inpatient Sample. Study population was 17,796,365 hospital deliveries from 2016 to 2020, excluded adenomyosis and uterine myoma. The exposure was endometriosis diagnosis. Main outcome measures were clinical and pregnancy characteristics and severe maternal morbidity at delivery related to endometriosis, assessed with multivariable regression model. ResultsEndometriosis was diagnosed in 17,590 patients. The prevalence of endometriosis increased by 24 % from one in 1,191 patients in 2016 to one in 853 patients in 2020 (adjusted-odds ratio [aOR] 1.24, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.19–1.30). Clinical and pregnancy characteristics that had greater than two-fold association to endometriosis included polycystic ovary syndrome, placenta previa, cesarean delivery, maternal age of ≥30 years, prior pregnancy loss, and anxiety disorder. Pregnant patients with endometriosis were more likely to have the diagnosis of measured severe maternal morbidity during the index hospitalization for delivery (47.8 vs 17.3 per 1,000 deliveries, aOR 1.91, 95 %CI 1.78–2.06); these associations were more prominent following vaginal (aOR 2.82, 95 %CI 2.41–3.30) compared to cesarean (aOR 1.85, 95 %CI 1.71–2.00) deliveries. Among the individual morbidity indicators, endometriosis was most strongly associated with thromboembolism (aOR 5.05, 95 %CI 3.70–6.91), followed by sepsis (aOR 2.39, 95 %CI 1.85–3.09) and hysterectomy (aOR 2.18, 95 %CI 1.85–2.56). When stratified for endometriosis anatomical site, odds of thromboembolism was increased in endometriosis at distant site (aOR 9.10, 95 %CI 3.76–22.02) and adnexa (aOR 7.37, 95 %CI 4.43–12.28); odds of sepsis was most increased in endometriosis at multi-classifier locations (aOR 7.33, 95 %CI 2.93–18.31) followed by pelvic peritoneum (aOR 5.54, 95 %CI 2.95–10.40); and odds of hysterectomy exceeded three-fold in endometriosis at adnexa (aOR 3.00, 95 %CI 2.30–3.90), distant site (aOR 5.36, 95 %CI 3.48–8.24), and multi-classifier location (aOR 4.46, 95 %CI 2.11–9.41). ConclusionThe results of this nationwide analysis suggest that pregnancy with endometriosis is uncommon but gradually increasing over time in the United States. The data also suggest that endometriosis during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of severe maternal morbidity at delivery, especially for thromboembolism, sepsis, and hysterectomy. These morbidity risks differed by the anatomical location of endometriosis.