Abstract
Background and Aim: Though not all babies have birth defects there is still a high probability ofcongenital defects if the glucose level is not under control during pregnancy and also increasedmorbidity in terms of hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and respiratory distress syndromewarranting NICU admissions. The objective of this study was to find out the maternal and perinataloutcome in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus. Material and Methods: An observationalstudy was conducted among 400 pregnant women who came for antenatal checkups attending theOPD of the department of obstetrics and gynecology, the tertiary care institute of Gujarat, from June2012 to November 2013. A detailed history including maternal age, parity, BMI, and clinicalexamination along with antenatal checkup was done. Results: Out of 400 antenatal women testedfor OGTT using 75 grams of glucose, about 12.75% (51) of antenatal women developed GDM. Out of51 GDM mothers, about 10% ie.,5 antenatal women had pregnancy-induced hypertension and only2 developed polyhydramnios and preterm delivery in 11.76% of antenatal women with GDM Out of51 babies, 19.6% of them had respiratory distress syndrome, 7.8% of the babies requiring NICUadmissions because of hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and hypocalcemia. Conclusion:Gestational diabetes mellitus was once thought to be a mild condition but now it carries significantshort-term and long-term implications for the women and their offspring. Screening for diabetes ismandatory in preventing complications as strict glycemic control is necessary for preventingmacrosomia and unexplained stillbirths.
Highlights
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance detected during pregnancy [1]
Untreated GDM is associated with an increased rate of neonatal and obstetric complications [5,6,7] Adverse pregnancy outcomes have been shown to improve with timely diagnosis and treatment of GDM [8]
Gestational diabetes mellitus has been associated with an increased risk for pregnancyinduced hypertension (PIH) with relative risk ranges from 1.4 to 4.15 [8,9,10,11,12]. some studies suggest that the relation between PIH and GDM is not well understood [13,14]
Summary
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance detected during pregnancy [1]. Some studies suggest that the relation between PIH and GDM is not well understood [13,14] It increases the rate of cesarean delivery by up to 57.4% and has a greater impact in cases of obesity and/or previous history of cesarean section [15,16,17,18,19]. Out of 51 GDM mothers, about 10% ie., antenatal women had pregnancy-induced hypertension and only 2 developed polyhydramnios and preterm delivery in 11.76% of antenatal women with GDM Out of 51 babies, 19.6% of them had respiratory distress syndrome, 7.8% of the babies requiring NICU admissions because of hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and hypocalcemia. Screening for diabetes is mandatory in preventing complications as strict glycemic control is necessary for preventing macrosomia and unexplained stillbirths
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