Pregnancy-Associated Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome and Life-Long Kidney Failure

Abstract

Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a rare disorder characterized by a triad of thrombocytopenia, thrombotic microangiopathy, and acute renal failure. The background pathogenesis of aHUS stems from mutations in the genes of the complement cascade. However, certain circumstances including normal physiological conditions such as pregnancy, environmental factors, or triggers, can activate genetically predisposed individuals and lead to aHUS. We present a case of a young female who presented with acute renal failure and later was diagnosed with aHUS. Possible potential triggers were investigated, and it is believed that pregnancy was associated with the development of aHUS in this young genetically predisposed female leading to life-long acute renal failure. This case highlights a unique case of a devastating systemic disease triggered by a normal physiological phenomenon. Moreover, it reiterates the importance of early diagnosis and how it is imperative to proceed to treatment promptly to prevent chronic renal failure. Further reporting of cases is warranted to monitor the incidence and improve prognostic outcomes in patients with aHUS.