Abstract
To study prefailure deformations in nailed deep vertical excavations under various surcharges, four centrifuge tests were used to explain the lateral deformation of facing, the fracture mechanism of cement facing, and the settlement profile of the ground surface. The soil used in this research was Firoozkooh sand No. 161. Both surcharge applying and excavation were performed at 40 g acceleration. The depth of the excavation was 30 cm, the length of the nail varied from H/3 to 2H/3 (H: excavation depth), and the nails were installed horizontally. The nails were made of brass pipes and then sand coated. The results showed that the effect of surcharge on the lateral deformation of the facing as well as the fracture mechanism of facing is obvious. Also, it was seen that the ground settlement profile is two-line or three-line at the moment of facing fracture and is affected by surcharge.
Highlights
Excavation in urban areas has two main features: first, due to the high value of land, excavation is done vertically, and secondly, excavation is always carried out next to an adjacent building, which applies a surcharge to the stabilizing excavation
A few full-scale tests have been carried on nailed walls
Jayanandan and Chandarakaran [13] and Ghareh [14] reported that, as the cohesion and internal friction angle of soil increases, the lateral deformation of nailed excavations decreases; Ghareh [14] found that the higher the surcharge, the greater the horizontal deformation of the excavation
Summary
Excavation in urban areas has two main features: first, due to the high value of land, excavation is done vertically, and secondly, excavation is always carried out next to an adjacent building, which applies a surcharge to the stabilizing excavation. Joel and Pedley, Shiu and Chang, Wei and Cheng, Singh and Babu, and Hajialilu-Bonab and Razavi [3,4,5,6,7] showed that the bending stiffness of nail is insignificant, and Singh and Babu [6] showed that the bending stiffness of the nail has little effect on the horizontal displacement of the wall. Jayanandan and Chandarakaran [13] and Ghareh [14] reported that, as the cohesion and internal friction angle of soil increases, the lateral deformation of nailed excavations decreases; Ghareh [14] found that the higher the surcharge, the greater the horizontal deformation of the excavation. Hajialilu-Bonab and Razavi, Rotte and Viswa, and Shiu and Cheng [3, 5, 10] showed that if longer nails are placed at the top, it controls the deformation of the excavation
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