Abstract
Background and objectives: Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) has been associated with several microvascular and macrovascular complications. However, studies regarding the predominant complications of T2DM in Ghana have not been conducted. This study evaluated the prevalence and predominant complications of T2DM and assessed the sociodemographic factors associated with the development of diabetes-related complications in Kumasi, Ghana. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), Kumasi, Ghana. A total of 1600 Ghanaian T2DM adults were included in this study. Patients’ clinical data from 2012 to 2016 were retrieved from the hospital’s archive. Results: The prevalence of macrovascular and microvascular complications of T2DM was 31.8% and 35.3% respectively. The prevalence of neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, sexual dysfunction, diabetic keto-acidosis (DKA), and hypoglycemia were 20.8%, 12.5%, 6.5%, 3.8%, 2.0%, and 0.8% respectively. Sexual dysfunction was significantly associated with the male gender compared to females. Being employed: Informal (aOR = 0.479, p < 0.0001), and Formal (aOR = 0.475, p = 0.0008) was associated with lower age- and sex-adjusted odds of developing T2DM-related complications while having T2DM for 5–10 years (aOR = 1.550, p = 0.0009) and more than 10 years (aOR = 2.755, p < 0.0001) was associated with increased odds of developing complications. Conclusions: Microvascular complication is the most predominant among T2DM in Kumasi, Ghana. The most prevalent T2DM-related microvascular complication in Kumasi, Ghana is neuropathy. Sexual dysfunction is associated with male compared to female T2DM patients. Being employed reduces the chance of developing T2DM-related complications while increasing DM duration increases the risk of complications.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that assumes global pandemic proportions and accounts for up to 90% of all diagnosed diabetes [1]
This study retrospectively examined the prevalence and predominant complications of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and evaluated the association between the duration of DM, as well as the sociodemographic factors, with the development of diabetes-related complications at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, to assess the effect of duration of DM and the socio-demographic risk factors associated with complication in diabetes, subjects who were employed: Informal (aOR = 0.479, 95% CI (0.342–0.670), p < 0.0001), and Formal (aOR = 0.475, 95% CI (0.307–0.734), p = 0.0008) had lower age- and sex-adjusted odds of developing T2DM-related complications
Summary
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that assumes global pandemic proportions and accounts for up to 90% of all diagnosed diabetes [1]. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common form of the disease, accounting for approximately 90% of DM cases [1]. The WHO report shows that the prevalence of T2DM is increasing rapidly in developing countries [1]. There is compelling data showing an increasing incidence and prevalence of T2DM in Africa [2]. Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) has been associated with several microvascular and macrovascular complications. Studies regarding the predominant complications of T2DM in Ghana have not been conducted. This study evaluated the prevalence and predominant complications of T2DM and assessed the sociodemographic factors associated with the development of diabetes-related complications in Kumasi, Ghana. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), Kumasi, Ghana.
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