Abstract
To determine the prevalence of vascular complications among inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and factors independently associated with vascular complications in a tertiary care department in Ningbo, China, the authors conducted a cross-sectional study using an existing computerised medical records database. A total of 3370 adult patients with T2DM were admitted to this tertiary care department for the first time between 2012 and 2017. Patients were categorised as those (1) with at least one vascular complication, (2) with at least one microvascular complication, and (3) with at least one macrovascular complication. Over 5 years, the prevalence of vascular, microvascular, and macrovascular complications among inpatients with T2DM was 73.2%, 57.5%, and 51.4%, respectively. The odds of vascular, microvascular, and macrovascular complications increased with age and were higher in patients with hypertension. The odds of vascular and microvascular complications were higher in single, divorced, or widowed patients, patients with T2DM for a long time, and patients on advanced T2DM therapeutic regimen. The odds of vascular and macrovascular complications were lower in women. The odds of microvascular complications decreased with education. The odds of macrovascular complications were higher in smokers. In conclusion, in the tertiary care department, more than half of inpatients with T2DM had vascular complications, and factors independently associated with vascular complications were identified. The study findings could be used in future interventional studies to prevent and manage vascular complications among these patients.
Highlights
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of vascular complications among these patients and factors independently associated with vascular complications
The odds of vascular complications increased with age (18–39 years: 1; 40–59 years: 6.54, 4.31–9.92; and 60 years: 15.98, 10.30–24.81); were higher in single, divorced, or widowed patients than in married patients (1.48, 1.12–1.96), patients having T2DM for >10 years compared to 1 year (2.75, 1.81–4.17), patients on lifestyle modification + oral antidiabetic drug (OAD) + insulin compared to lifestyle modification alone (1.54, 1.15–2.06), and patients with hypertension (1.50, 1.25–1.81); and were lower in women than in men (0.65, 0.54–0.79)
Summary
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder. Prevalence and associated factors of vascular complications among type 2 diabetes inpatients. T2DM, with more than 116 million adults with T2DM, which will increase to approximately 147 million in 2045 [1]. Chronic hyperglycaemia in T2DM is related to microvascular complications (such as diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy/foot), macrovascular complications (such as coronary heart disease [CHD], stroke, and peripheral arterial disease), poor quality of life, and even death [2,3]. In China, approximately one million deaths per year are attributed to T2DM and its associated complications. The healthcare expenditure due to T2DM is US $63 billion, and the total economic burden of T2DM and its complications is high [1,5,6]
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