Abstract
This paper aims to propose predictive equations for the small‐strain shear modulus (Gmax) and small‐strain damping ratio (Dmin) of a granulated mixture with plastic and nonplastic materials to reduce the dynamic energy of the ground. Polyurethane bead (PB) and glass bead (GB) were used as the plastic and nonplastic materials, respectively. 180 resonant‐column tests were conducted with various conditions affecting the dynamic properties, such as nonplastic particle content (PC), void ratio (e), particle‐size ratio (sr), and mean effective confining pressure (). The results showed that Gmax and Dmin, respectively, increased and decreased as e decreased with increasing of material mixtures. In addition, Gmax decreased with an increase in PC, whereas Dmin increased. It was also found that sr of materials affected the changes in Gmax and Dmin. With an increase in sr, Gmax increased while Dmin decreased because small particles do not hinder the behavior of large particles as the size of larger particles increases. Finally, based on the results, new equations for estimating Gmax and Dmin of a granulated mixture with PB and GB were proposed as functions of PC, e, median grain size (D50), and .
Highlights
Dynamic soil properties, such as shear modulus (G) and material damping ratio (D), have been used as key parameters for evaluating seismic ground response and design of foundation subjected to cyclic or dynamic loading. e behavior of these parameters varies with shear-strain amplitude beyond the specific threshold value of shear strain
Choo and Burns [21] reported that the behavior of Gmax of the mixture cannot be expressed by a global void ratio (e) that defines the ratio of the volume of voids to volumes of small and large particles because e does not capture the mechanical behavior of large particles with smaller particles that are fully filled in the void formed by large particles. erefore, intergranular void ratio was defined by the ratio of the volumes of voids and small particles to the volume of large particles
Eig was used to consider the mechanical behavior of large particles with small particles that are completely filled in the void between large particles
Summary
Dynamic soil properties, such as shear modulus (G) and material damping ratio (D), have been used as key parameters for evaluating seismic ground response and design of foundation subjected to cyclic or dynamic loading. e behavior of these parameters varies with shear-strain amplitude beyond the specific threshold value of shear strain. Dynamic soil properties, such as shear modulus (G) and material damping ratio (D), have been used as key parameters for evaluating seismic ground response and design of foundation subjected to cyclic or dynamic loading. E behavior of these parameters varies with shear-strain amplitude beyond the specific threshold value of shear strain In other words, both G and D exhibit linear behavior at a very small strain level, whereas nonlinear behavior with increasing shear strain. Ey suggested that Gmax is reduced by an increase in the fine content, in a way that depends on the specific fine content and particle-size ratio. Santamarina et al [15] performed a theoretical analysis of packing of granular mixtures of different-sized particles because the shear wave velocity (Vs) or Gmax in a medium of material is dependent on packing arrangement and packing density. ey demonstrated that the maximum size of small particles that can be placed in the pore between large particles is different according to packing conditions such as loose and dense packing
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