Prediction of placental insufficiency in pregnant women with different somatotypes

Abstract

Hypothesis/aims of study. Poor placental vascularization can lead to placental insufficiency, due to which the metabolism of nutrients and microelements between the maternal and fetal blood circulations subsequently decreases. Due to poor perfusion of placental vessels, placental dysfunction occurs. Chronic fetal hypoxia causes fetal growth retardation. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of placental insufficiency in women with different somatotypes and to develop a model for predicting the risk of this pathology.
 Study design, materials and methods. A total of 390 women were examined, of whom 110 were macrosomatic, 173 mesosomatic, and 107 microsomatic. Somatometry was performed according to R.N. Dorokhov for women in the early stages of pregnancy (up to 9-10 weeks). Placental insufficiency markers (VEGF, PlGF, IL-6, and endocan-1) were determined spectrophotometrically in blood serum at the gestational age of 1213 and 2223 weeks using ELISA methods.
 Results. Placental insufficiency was significantly more prevalent among the women of the macro- and microsomatic body type compared with those of mesosomatotypes (p 0.05). In pregnant women with subsequent placental insufficiency, VEGF and PlGF serum levels at 1213 weeks were lower, when compared to those in patients who did not develop pathology (p 0.05), and the levels of serum endocan-1 and IL-6 were higher in comparison with those in individuals who did not develop pathology (p 0.05). Using multiple regression analysis, we obtained the regression equation (formula), which predicts the development of placental insufficiency in women of different somatotypes.
 Conclusion. The resulting formula allows us to accurately predict the development of placental insufficiency and to form high-risk groups among women for the development of this disease. This will contribute to the effective implementation of therapeutic and preventive measures to avert the development of this pathology.