Prediction Model of Appendicular Muscle Mass using Midthigh Circumference, Calf Circumference, and Mid-upper Arm Circumference in Community-dwelling Elderly in Indonesia

Abstract

Muscles play an important role in daily activities. Aging causes low muscle mass, which has many negative effects such as weakness, decreased mobility, limitation to do daily activities, etc. However, not all appendicular skeletal muscle mass measurements are easy to use and not expensive. This study aimed to identify a prediction model as an alternative method to measure appendicular muscle mass based on mid thigh circumference, calf circumference, and mid-upper arm circumference. A cross-sectional study design was used; the study included 99 individuals,aged ?60 years (37 men and 62 women) in Kadumanggu Village in West Java, Indonesia. The subjects were recruited, then anthropometric parameters were measured using nonelastic ONEMED OD 235 tape; body height was measured using the GEA Staturemeter 2M, weight and appendicular skeletal muscle mass were measured using a Bioimpedance Analysis (BIA) Omron HBF- 375 Karada Scan by trained examiners. Multiple regression analysis was performed on SPSS version 16 software to obtain the best prediction model. The prediction model results were: Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass (kg) = (64.171 x Height (m)) + (1.710 x Body Mass Index (kg/m2)) – (0.109 x Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (cm)) + (0.178 x Calf Circumference (cm)) + (0.033 x Mid-Thigh Circumference (cm))– (0.535 x Weight (kg)) – (0.065 x Age (years)) – 98.098 for men (R2 = 0.710; SEE = 1.43 kg; p<0.05) and Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass (kg) = (8.987 x Height (m)) – (0.170 x Body Mass Index (kg/m2 ))– (0.117 x Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (cm)) + (0.121 x Calf Circumference (cm)) – (0.025 x Mid-Thigh (cm)) + (0.160 x Weight (kg)) – (0.059 x Age (years)) – 6.491 for women (R2 = 0.700; SEE = 1.23 kg; p<0.05). Difference model based on sex, showed satisfactory result for predicting appendicular skeletal muscle mass in the elderly in Indonesia. However, further research is needed to validate these findings.