Abstract
Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) associated with both active and abandoned mining operations related to sulfide minerals, oxidation of pyrite affording an acidic solution that contains toxic metal ions. Result shows that pH value of water in Kg. Aur, Chini and Sg. Lembing are acidic with value of 2.81, 4.16 and 3.60 respectively. Maximum concentrations of heavy metals in the study area are: Pb (0.2 mg/L), Cd (0.05 mg/L), Zn (5.1 mg/L), Cu (5.2 mg/L), Mn (10.9 mg/L), Cr (0.2 mg/L), Ni (0.2 mg/L), As (0.005 mg/L) and Fe (202.69 mg/L). Prediction of acid formation using acid-base calculations from all samples shows high potential acid production between 22.84-2500.16 kg CaCO3/tonne. The ratio of Neutralization (NP) with Acid Potential (APP) shows a very low value (ratio<1) Sg. Lembing (0.02), Chini (0.08), Selinsing (0.31) and Kg. Aur (0.81). Analysis from the tank experiment after 30 days shows pH of LFS, bentonite, activated carbon and zeolite change to 6.11, 3.91, 2.98 and 2.71 respectively. Three mine sites experiencing AMD are Kg. Aur, Chini and Sg. Lembing. Active neutralization treatment successfully shows LFS has great potential to control AMD based on their ability to neutralize the pH and remove heavy metals in the mine water. Meanwhile, the second adsorbent material is bentonite followed by activated carbon and zeolite.
Highlights
Acid Mine Drainage is quite new environmental problem in Malaysia (Madzin et al, 2016)
Rock waste or tailings from the weathering of pyrite (FeS2) and sulfide minerals can contribute to Acid Mine Drainage AMD (Johnson and Hallberg, 2005)
Net-Acid Production Potential (NAPP) is calculated through Acid Base Accounting (ABA) procedures
Summary
Acid Mine Drainage is quite new environmental problem in Malaysia (Madzin et al, 2016). Rock waste or tailings from the weathering of pyrite (FeS2) and sulfide minerals can contribute to Acid Mine Drainage AMD (Johnson and Hallberg, 2005). The potential presence of acidic environment when these rocks contain metal sulfides, especially iron disulfide (FeS2) which is pyrite and or marcasite, they become oxidized by air and water producing Fe2+, H+ and SO42 ̄ ions. When these ions get into the solution, sulfuric acid is produced (AMD). Static tests involve determination of Net-Acid Production Potential (NAPP) and/or Net Acid Generation (NAG) values (expressed in either kg H2SO4/t as used here or kg CaCO3/t). Can be minimized at three basic levels: Through primary prevention of the acidgenerating process; secondary control, which involves the deployment of acid drainage migration prevention measures; and tertiary control, or the collection and treatment of effluent (Akcil and Koldas, 2006)
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