Abstract
Magnetoelectric (ME) interaction in magnetostrictive-piezoelectric multiferroic structures consists in inducing the electric field across the structure in an applied magnetic field and is a product property of magnetostriction and piezoelectricity in components. ME voltage coefficient that is the ratio of induced electric field to applied magnetic field is the key parameter of ME coupling strength. It has been known that the ME coupling strength is dictated by the product of the piezoelectric and piezomagnetic coefficients of initial phases. As a result, using the laminates with graded piezoelectric and piezomagnetic parameters are a new pathway to the increase in the ME coupling strength. Recently developed models predict stronger ME interactions in composites based on graded components compared to homogeneous ones. We discuss predicting the ME coupling strength for layered structures of homogeneous and compositionally graded magnetostrictive and piezoelectric components based on the graphs of ME voltage coefficients against composite parameters. For obtaining the graphs, we developed equations for ME output in applied magnetic field for possible modes of operation and layered structure configurations. In particular, our studies have been performed on low-frequency ME coupling, enhanced ME effect in electromechanical resonance (EMR) region for longitudinal and bending modes. Additionally, ME coupling at magnetic resonance in magnetostrictive component and at overlapping the EMR and magnetic resonance is investigated. We considered symmetric trilayers and asymmetric bilayers of magnetostrictive and piezoelectric components and multilayered structures based on compositionally stepped initial components.
Highlights
Magnetoelectric (ME) interaction in magnetostrictive-piezoelectric multiferroic structures consists in inducing the electric field in an applied magnetic field and is a product property of magnetostriction and piezoelectricity in components
The electric to external magnetic field ratio referred to as ME voltage coefficient is the key parameter of ME coupling strength
The maximal ME voltage coefficient in the bending mode region is obtained for lower piezoelectric volume fraction compared longitudinal modes that corresponds to maximum flexural deformation (Figures 8 and 9)
Summary
Magnetoelectric (ME) interaction in magnetostrictive-piezoelectric multiferroic structures consists in inducing the electric (magnetic) field in an applied magnetic (electric) field and is a product property of magnetostriction and piezoelectricity in components. The electric to external magnetic field ratio referred to as ME voltage coefficient is the key parameter of ME coupling strength. The highest ME voltage coefficient of 500 V/cm·Oe was found for an amorphous magnetostrictive alloy/piezofiber layered structure [3] These studies enabled making ME structures with high ME coefficients in a wide frequency region and practical application possibility [4,5,18]. It was shown that internal magnetic and electric fields in graded materials enable one to simplify the ME material based devices design since it is possible to exclude elements creating external bias field, and simplify the technological process of material production since it is possible to exclude preliminary polarization of material sample [16]. This work deals with ME interactions in layered magnetostrictive-piezoelectric composites based on homogeneous and functionally graded components. Related flexural deformation can be produced in functionally stepped ferromagnetic or/and piezoelectric layer [15,18]
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