Preconditions for the emergence of corruption in the historical aspect

Abstract

The sorting out of the corruption issue is one of the priorities for the Ukrainian society on the today stage of the country development. According to the research corruption is one of the reasons to have led to mass protests in Ukraine in late 2013 – early 2014. According to the Global Corruption Barometer research results, done by Transperancy International in 2013, 36 % of the Ukrainians were ready to protest against corruption. According to the results of IFES public opinion research in late 2013 corruption has already been included into the major problems of population and made 47 % of citizens trouble very much. According to the data research of Corruption Perception Index done by Transparency International, the Ukrainians consider their state to be one of the most corrupt in the world – in 2012 and 2013 the state took the 144th place of 176 countries where the research was done. Such high corruption perception index by citizens is explained by the lack of efficient reforms to counteract corruption and inefficient actions of law enforcement authorities to detect corruption misdemeanor and to call the offender to account. It is affirmed by Ukrainian unsatisfactory international duty performance to establish anti-corruption standards – according to the first and second estimation round only 13 Group of states against corruption (GRECO) recommendations of 25 have been fulfilled notwithstanding six year work and three rounds of progress estimation. Only three recommendations of 16 according to the results of the third round have been fulfilled. Only small part corruption-related criminalization of anti-corruption recommendations of Plan of actions to liberalize visa regime from EU has been implemented. Key recommendations of Group of states against corruption (GRECO) and EU to establish anti-corruption institutions, to reform prosecuting magistracy and civil service, to form control system, to prevent interest conflicts and chastity of officials’ assets have not been fulfilled.