Precipitation of Rare Earth Element from Indonesian Coal Fly Ash Using Sodium Sulfate

Abstract

The rare earth element is a critical element in many industrial sectors. Due to unbalanced supply and demand, it is necessary to look for an alternative source. Coal ash is a waste product of power plant combustion. Previous research revealed that coal ash contained levels of rare earth elements. This research uses coal fly ash from the Paiton power plant. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of the Na2SO4 concentration, stirring rate, and temperature on the recovery of REE concentrate. The experiment was conducted in four steps: (1) alkaline leaching, the process was carried out for 2 hours at 90°C with fly ash solid to 8 M NaOH solution ratio of 1:4 to break the aluminosilicate bonds. (2) Acid leaching of residue for 4 hours at 90°C in 3 M HCl. (3) Precipitation of residue to remove the impurities such as Fe using 1 M NaOH at pH 5. (4) Precipitation of filtrate from process (3) using Na2SO4 to produce REE concentrate precipitates. The best condition to obtain the highest REE residue is conducting recovery at the concentration of 20% Na2SO4, stirring rate of 500 rpm, and temperature of 50°C, with a yield of 88.72%.