Abstract
In the mitochondrial matrix, there are insoluble, osmotically inactive complexes that maintain a constant pH and calcium concentration. In the present paper, we examine the properties of insoluble calcium and magnesium salts, such as phosphates, carbonates and polyphosphates, which might play this role. We find that non-stoichiometric, magnesium-rich carbonated apatite, with very low crystallinity, precipitates in the matrix under physiological conditions. Precipitated salt acts as pH buffer, and, hence, can contribute in maintaining ATP production in ischemic conditions, which delays irreversible damage to heart and brain cells after stroke.
Highlights
Mitochondria are responsible for the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in eukaryotic organisms
The proton motive force is used by ATP synthase to synthetize ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate
Based on the solubility products and other properties of these salts, we identify the reason for the pH buffering effect, i.e., the calcium hydroxide buffer effect in the mitochondrial matrix
Summary
Mitochondria are responsible for the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in eukaryotic organisms. They are involved in Ca2+ signalling, lipid metabolism, heat production, reactive oxygen species production and apoptosis [1]. The mitochondrial matrix is surrounded by two membranes. The outer membrane acts as a molecular sieve, while the inner membrane is ion-selective. The major function of the mitochondrial inner membrane is the formation of the electrochemical proton gradient, known as proton motive force [6], utilizing the energy produced by burning fats and sugars. The proton motive force is used by ATP synthase to synthetize ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate
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