Practical-Empirical Modeling on Envelope Design towards Sustainability in Tropical Architecture

Lili Kusumawati,Erni Setyowati,Agus Budi Purnomo

doi:10.3390/su13052959

Lili Kusumawati, Erni Setyowati + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/su13052959

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Journal: Sustainability	Publication Date: Mar 9, 2021
Citations: 9	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Diponegoro University, Trisakti University

Abstract

The building envelope’s overall thermal transfer value (OTTV) is an essential aspect of creating sustainable and energy-saving architecture. The original OTTV formula makes it difficult for any user who is not an expert to calculate OTTV. Designers usually need an empirical formula to determine the design direction in the initial design stage. Instead of replacing the previous SNI (The Indonesian National Standard) 6389:2011, this paper will introduce several simple equations as empirical formulas covering solar factor (SF), effective shading coefficient (SCeff), and OTTV. Three hundred architraves units of facade models were investigated to make the formulas or equations. Regression analysis was used to make three practical formulas in this paper. The research validation consists of first and crossed-validation to determine the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Average Percentage of Error (APE) between the rule of thumb and original equation of OTTV from the Indonesian standard. The results show that the RMSE is only 1.12 W/m2, while the APE is 1.05%. By these results, the empirical formulas can be implemented to be the rules of thumb in the first stage of the design process because the values of RMSE and APE are still under the design margin of thermal design in the building.

Highlights

Emerging environmental threats stemming from rapid urbanization and reduced energy availability in nature, the negative impacts of climate change, and sick building syndrome have led the government sector and various sectors of construction-based professional institutions to recognize the need to develop effective strategies for sustainable building designs
The results show that ETTV is more strictly regulated than overall thermal transfer value (OTTV) SNI 6389:2011, and it is found that buildings in the form of a parallelogram with a north-south orientation have the best results as energy-efficient buildings [31]
Referring to the Indonesian standard of SNI 6389:2011, the formula of overall thermal transfer value in a building envelope consists of heat conduction through massive walls, heat conduction through a wall, and fenestration and solar heat gain

Summary

Introduction

Emerging environmental threats stemming from rapid urbanization and reduced energy availability in nature, the negative impacts of climate change, and sick building syndrome have led the government sector and various sectors of construction-based professional institutions to recognize the need to develop effective strategies for sustainable building designs. One of the most important programs of GBCI is to give certificates and rank to building in terms of their energy-saving performance. One of the essential indicators used by GBCI in ranking energy-saving performance is energy for cooling. GBCI considered that by decreasing the overall thermal transfer value (OTTV), the energy used for cooling can be lowered. The building envelope design should be directed to optimize its ability to control thermal energy from the sun that goes into the interior of the building [3]

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