Abstract
To produce permanent magnets, which are both powerful and constant in their power, a tungsten steel should be used having from 5 to 8 per cent of tungsten, and from 0.4 to 0.6 of carbon. Chromium up to 2 or 2.5 per cent may be present, but the presence of the following elements should be avoided: manganese, titanium, copper, sulphur, and phosphorus.For bar magnets there is an advantage in having the dimension‐ratio as large as possible, as this gives not only a higher remanence, but a lower coefficient of temperature variation. For horse‐shoe magnets, and for all those which are to be used in instruments where extreme constancy is required, the gap between the poles should be as short as possible, and the polar areas should be as large as possible. From the, point of view of constancy there is an advantage in having a considerable stray flux (through a magnetic shunt or otherwise) in addition to the useful flux.
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