Practical aspects of the implementation of the resource conservation system at various stages of soil cultivation and sowing in the difficult soil and climatic conditions of Central Ukraine

Abstract

Purpose. Justification of constructions of agricultural machines intended for the implementation of systems of soil protection and energy-saving technologies in the soil and climatic conditions of Central Ukraine. Methods. Analytical and monographic. Results. The results of multi-year field studies of the implementation of traditional and resource-saving technologies in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine are analyzed. It was determined that the system of soil cultivation in a specific farm should be chosen in accordance with the structure of crops, taking into account the biological requirements of cultivated crops, the topography of the fields, the physical and mechanical properties of the soil, the presence and depth of the layer of high compaction. It is also necessary to evaluate the economic expediency of farm expenses for different tillage options for each field for crop rotation. The work proves the necessity of introducing into production the following tillage and seeding machines developed by scientists of the National Technical University: a roller-shredder of harvest residues with optimized parameters of a cylindrical drum, a family of multi-layer soil looseners, chisel tools for high-quality no-till soil cultivation with various physical and mechanical properties, elastic supports of cultivator paws with adjustment of vibration characteristics depending on the type and condition of the soil, optimal design of the section for direct sowing of grain crops with local application of liquid fertilizers. The implementation of the proposed technique in the technological processes of growing agricultural crops should become the basis for the introduction of soil protection and energy-saving. Conclusions. The proposed technique for the technological processes of growing agricultural crops for the introduction of soil protection and energy-saving technologies allows you to reduce fuel consumption by more than half, from 79.5 l/ha under traditional technologies to 39 l/ha under the developed improved farming system built on the principles of No-Till, and the device for applying liquid fertilizers as part of the modernized section of the Terra Nova 1714 planter allows this operation to be carried out simultaneously with sowing to a depth that is 10–20 mm greater than the depth of the seed placement. Keywords: resource conservation system, tillage, shredder roller, soil loosener, chisel tool, elastic rack.