Abstract
This study is focused on two areas: the design of a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) for a grid-connected DC Microgrid and the power management of that microgrid. The power management is performed by a Microgrid Central Controller (MGCC). A Microgrid operator provides daily information to the MGCC about the photovoltaic generation profile, the load demand profile, and the real-time prices of the electricity in order to plan the power interchange between the BESS and the main grid, establishing the desired state of charge (SOC) of the batteries at any time. The main goals of the power management strategy under study are to minimize the cost of the electricity that is imported from the grid and to maximize battery life by means of an adequate charging procedure, which sets the charging rate as a function of the MG state. Experimental and simulation results in many realistic scenarios demonstrate that the proposed methodology achieves a proper power management of the DC microgrid.
Highlights
Nowadays, the increasing demand for electricity has encouraged the production of local energy by means of the integration of Microgrids (MGs) into the main grid [1]
The distributed generation (DG) is mainly composed by Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) such as PV systems, wind turbines, biomass, etc., whose intermittent nature produces strong power imbalances in the MG that can be compensated by the main grid or by the energy storage systems (ESSs) operating in the MG
The main goals of a Battery Management System (BMS) that allow for an adequate operation of the batteries and to extend their service life are: (i) to operate the batteries according to an adequate state of charge (SOC); (ii) to control the maximum charging/discharging current and voltage [3], as specified by the manufacturer; and (iii) to set a proper depth of discharge (DOD) of the batteries [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31]
Summary
The increasing demand for electricity has encouraged the production of local energy by means of the integration of Microgrids (MGs) into the main grid [1]. The main their characteristics ofcost the is most battery technologies in MGs are described in LAbatteries implementation thewidely lowestused among all usual technologies This kind1.of batteriesanare widely used in MGs, because cost is the lowest all usual is their provides acceptable performance and a their greatimplementation robustness. In the decentralized and distributed control strategies the power management and control are MGs, which in can centralized, or ESSs, distributed integrated thebe: local controllersdecentralized of the DGs and so that [12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21]. The main contribution of this work is the development of a power management strategy implemented in an MGCC for minimizing the cost of electricity in a grid connected DC microgrid and maximizing battery life.
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