Abstract
This work explored the scavenging of low temperature waste heat and conversion of it into electrical energy through the operation of a gadolinium (Gd) based thermomagnetic engine. Gd is one of the unique materials whose magnetic property changes from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic depending on the temperature (“the Curie temperature”), which is around 20 °C. In the present work, two different types of generators were designed and applied to the rotating shaft of a Gd-based thermomagnetic engine developed for low temperature differential (LTD) applications. Of these, one is the so-called triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), and the other is the electromagnetic generator (EMG). These have been designed to produce electricity from the rotating shaft of the thermomagnetic engine, exploiting both the electromagnetic and triboelectric effects. When operated at a rotational speed of 251 rpm with a temperature difference of 45 °C between the hot and cold water jets, the hybrid (TENG-EMG) generator produced a combined pulsating DC open circuit voltage of 5 V and a short circuit current of 0.7 mA. The hybrid generator effectively produced a maximum output power of 0.75 mW at a loading resistance of 10 kΩ.
Highlights
Energy crises all over the world have drawn serious attention to green energy
Layer 2 is a thin fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) disk, which is adhered to layer 1
Layer 1 and layer 2 make up the rotor part of the hybrid (TENG, electromagnetic generator (EMG)) generator
Summary
Energy crises all over the world have drawn serious attention to green energy. Many researchers have been paying attention to nanogenerators (NGs) for their wide applicability as well as studying how to harvest energy from the ambient environment to deal with energy related issues. Shaislamov et al [18] designed a TENG which can produce electricity from a rotating disk driven by an LTD heat engine They were able to produce an effective output voltage of. We introduced a novel design for a Gd-based thermomagnetic generator that can work in conjunction with the disk type (TENG-EMG) generator to scavenge low grade thermal energy into electrical energy. Operated at a rotational speed of 251 rpm, the TENG produces an average open circuit voltage of 9 V and a short circuit current of 0.9 μA while the electromagnetic generator (EMG). The presented thermomagnetic engine is an improved magnetic engine, which produces mechanical work by utilizing the properties of Gd and converts this mechanical energy into electrical energy by using the triboelectric and electromagnetic effect
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