Power flow analysis in a distribution system penetrated with renewable energy sources: a review

Abstract

Power flow analysis plays a crucial role in understanding the complexities of modern power systems, encompassing generation, transmission, and distribution networks, as well as the integration of distributed energy resources and loads. This state-of-the-art review paper examines the latest power flow approaches tailored specifically for distribution networks, ensuring the reliability and economic viability of the overall power system. The review addresses the limitations of traditional distribution network methods and discusses strategies to account for uncertainties at both the generation and consumption ends. A comprehensive modelling approach for distribution system components is explored, along with detailed modelling of various distributed resources, including renewable energy sources. The review also delves into the characterisation of different types of distributed loads with static characteristics. Additionally, a prototype configuration of a 5-bus radial system that integrates distribution system components, distributed generations, and loads, providing a practical framework for studying their interactions and behaviours is presented. By providing a comprehensive overview of advanced power flow analysis techniques for distribution networks, this review paper contributes to the advancement of research in this field and facilitates the effective planning and operation of modern power systems.