Abstract

Power electronic converters are indispensable building blocks of microgrids. They are the enabling technology for many applications of microgrids, e.g., renewable energy integration, transportation electrification, energy storage, and power supplies for computing. In this chapter, the requirements, functions, and operation of power electronic converters are introduced. Then, different topologies of the converters used in microgrids are discussed, including DC/DC converters, single-phase DC/AC converters, three-phase three-wire, and four-wire DC/AC converters. The remaining parts of this chapter focus on how to optimally design and control these converters with the emerging wide-bandgap semiconductors. Correlated tradeoffs of converter efficiency, power density, and cost are analyzed using Artificial Neural Networks to find the optimal design of the converters.

Highlights

  • Power electronic converters are essential building blocks in a microgrid, which enable the connection into microgrids of renewable energy resources, energy storage systems, and electric vehicles (EVs), [1–3]

  • A power electronic converter consists of power semiconductor switches, passive components, and a control unit to manage the power conversion and power flow

  • Power electronic converters can achieve flexible control of active/reactive power fed into the microgrid [4], maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of photovoltaic (PV) cells [5], and wind turbines [6]

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Summary

Introduction

Power electronic converters are essential building blocks in a microgrid, which enable the connection into microgrids of renewable energy resources, energy storage systems, and electric vehicles (EVs), [1–3]. The flexible controllability of power electronic converters in microgrids enables high-level computation and optimization of the microgrid operation and management [7, 8]. Power electronic converters in microgrids use various topologies, according to different applications. The different operation modes of power electronic converters require different control algorithms. The design of power electronic converters attempts to meet the system requirements of efficiency, power density, costs, and reliability [17]. The control algorithms of power electronic converters for different operation modes in the microgrid are summarized

DC/DC converters
Buck converter
Boost converter
Buck-boost converter
DC/AC single-phase converters
Three-phase DC-AC converters
Three-phase four-wire converters
Three-phase four-wire inverter with Split DC-link capacitor
Benefits of wide-bandgap semiconductors
Design challenges of WBG power converters
Multi-objective design of WBG power converters
Modeling of power loss and volume of the inverter
Power GaN FETs
Output inductors
Output capacitors
Heat sinks
Formulation of the multi-objective model
Performance evaluation
Converter control
Switching-level control
Converter and application-level control
Converter-level control
Application-level control
Conclusion
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