Abstract
Pineapple (Ananas comosus) waste is a promising source of metabolites for therapeutics, functional foods, and cosmeceutical applications. This study strives to characterize the complete metabolite profiles of a variety of MD2 pineapple waste extracts. Metabolomics strategies were utilized to identify bioactive metabolites of this variety prepared with different solvent ratios. Each pineapple waste extract was first screened for total phenolic content, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging, nitric oxide scavenging, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. The highest TPC was found in all samples of the peel, crown, and core extracted using a 50% ethanol ratio, even though the results were fairly significant than those obtained for other ethanol ratios. Additionally, crown extracted with a 100% ethanol ratio demonstrated the highest potency in DPPH and NO scavenging activity, with IC50 values of 296.31 and 338.52 µg/mL, respectively. Peel extracted with 100% ethanol exhibited the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 92.95 µg/mL. Then, the extracts were analyzed and the data from 1H NMR were processed using multivariate data analysis. A partial least squares and correlogram plot suggested that 3-methylglutaric acid, threonine, valine, and α-linolenic acid were the main contributors to the antioxidant activities, whereas epicatechin was responsible for the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Relative quantification further supported that 100% crown extract was among the extracts that possessed the most abundant potential metabolites. The present study demonstrated that the crown and peel parts of MD2 pineapple extracted with 100% ethanol are potentially natural sources of antioxidants and α-glucosidase inhibitors, respectively.
Highlights
To date, biowaste products derived from various sources, including fruits have been widely recycled into valuable products ranging from agricultural compost, citric acid production, biofuel, pigment, and bioactive compound production [1]
The current study demonstrated that MD2 pineapple peel, crown, and core extracted with 0%, 50%, and 100% ethanol ratios possessed variations in total phenolic content (TPC), DPPH free radical scavenging activity, Nitric oxide (NO) free radical scavenging activity, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity
Based on the biological assays, MD2 pineapple crown extracted with a 100% ethanol ratio presented better scavenging effects on DPPH and NO free radical, scavenging, suggesting that it is a better antioxidant compared to peel and core
Summary
Biowaste products derived from various sources, including fruits have been widely recycled into valuable products ranging from agricultural compost, citric acid production, biofuel, pigment, and bioactive compound production [1]. Foods is 2 of 20 in size and ripeness [2] Because of these traits, MD2 is referred to as “Golden Ripe”, “Super Sweet”. In size and ripeness [2] Because of these the traits, MD2 is referred to assuccessfully “Golden Ripe”,
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