Abstract
High-quality wine vinegars with unique organoleptic characteristics are produced in southern Spain under three Protected Designations of Origin (PDO), namely “Jerez”, “Condado de Huelva” and “Montilla-Moriles”. To guarantee their authenticity and avoid frauds, robust and low-cost analytical methodologies are needed for the quality control and traceability of vinegars. In this study, we propose the use of ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy in combination with multivariate statistical tools to discriminate Spanish wine vinegars according to their geographical origin, as well as to predict their physicochemical and functional properties. Linear discriminant analysis provided a clear clustering of vinegar samples according to the PDO with excellent classification performance (98.6%). Furthermore, partial least squares regression analysis demonstrated that spectral data can serve as accurate predictors of the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of vinegars. Accordingly, UV-Vis spectroscopy stands out as a suitable analytical tool for simple and rapid authentication and traceability of vinegars.
Highlights
Vinegar is a condiment widely employed in the Mediterranean and Asian diets to preserve and improve the sensory characteristics of foods
The main aim of this work was to investigate the potential of UV-Vis spectroscopy in combination with chemometric tools for discriminating Andalusian Protected Designations of Origin (PDO) wine vinegars according to their geographical origin
Vinegars from the “Montilla-Moriles” PDO showed a characteristic chemical profile with higher total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity, whereas “Condado de Huelva” and “Jerez” samples were characterized by higher total acidity
Summary
Vinegar is a condiment widely employed in the Mediterranean and Asian diets to preserve and improve the sensory characteristics of foods. Spain is one of the major producers of high-quality wine vinegars worldwide, whose production is mainly concentrated in Andalusia (Southern Spain). A singularity of the wines and vinegars produced in this geographical area is the use of the traditional aging system of “criaderas and soleras” [2], which provides them with unique organoleptic characteristics that are highly appreciated by consumers. As a result of these unique characteristics, three Protected Designations of Origin (PDO) of Andalusian vinegars have been recognized in accordance with the European Community legislation (Council Regulation (EC) No 510/2006) [3], namely the PDO “Vinagre de Jerez”, registered in 1995; the PDO “Vinagre del Condado de Huelva”, registered in 2002; and the PDO “Vinagre de Montilla-Moriles”, registered in 2008 [4,5,6]
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