Abstract
This study demonstrates the feasibility of Algerian native pine tree bark (NPTB) as a low-cost, sustainable adsorbent for methylene blue (MB) dye removal from wastewater. Characterization revealed a porous structure with a high surface area and abundant functional groups, ideal for adsorption. Batch experiments optimized conditions for maximum MB removal (99.47%) at pH 8, 55 °C, and 0.4 g NPTB dosage. Kinetic analysis confirmed pseudo-second-order kinetics and intraparticle diffusion, indicating chemisorption. The Freundlich isotherm model best described adsorption, with a monolayer capacity of 37.15 mg/g. Thermodynamic studies indicated the process was spontaneous, endothermic, and feasible at higher temperatures. The estimated cost of NPTB is $0.1376 USD/m³, and its low overall treatment cost makes it a promising and environmentally friendly alternative for wastewater treatment.
Published Version
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