Potential of Soil Amendments and Jatropha Curcas Plant in the Remediation of Heavy Metals Contaminated Agricultural Land

Abstract

Textile wastewater contaminated by heavy metal has been polluted to the agricultural land in Rancaekek, Bandung. To overcome the heavy metal contamination, phytoremediation technology has been proposed. Jatropha curcas plant with soil amendments (compost and EDTA) was utilized to investigate the heavy metal remediation in the contaminated soil. Five experimental treatments viz. S0 S1 S2 S3 and SE were set up for ninety days. The plant growth behaviour, heavy metal accumulation, and translocation (TF) and bioaccumulation (BAF) factors were determined. The untreated soil was indicated as silty loam containing Cd, Cr and Pb concentrations approximately 0.79, 100.15, and 8.43 mg/kg, respectively. The heavy metals were highly accumulated in the plant for treatments S3 and SE compared to control So. The accumulation of Cd, Cr and Pb in different J. curcas tissues can be classified as follow: root > shoot > leaves. Bioaccumulation and translocation factor of Cd were greater than one (BAF, TF > 1) while Cr and Pb were less than one (BAF, TF < 1). The highly removal of heavy metal was found that Cd = 81.73 % and Cr = 41.15% in S3 while Pb = 65.20 % in SE. To sum up, J. curcas species represented high TF and BAF in Cd removal, and low in Cr and Pb removal. It revealed that Jatropha curcas plant was suitable for phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil, especially, combination with both compost and EDTA. Moreover, Jatropha curcas could be an emerging technology plant to alleviate the contaminated soil with multi-metal for sustainability of land resources.