Potential of plant as antiparasite for fish

Abstract

Parasites are organisms that live on the body of another organism of a different type and larger in size, called the host. In the body of the host, the parasite gets several advantages, among others, as a shelter, obtaining nutrients for its survival, while for the host parasite attack gets several losses, among others, body damage occurs, growth becomes slow, and even death occurs. Various types of parasites can cause disease in various types of cultured freshwater fish, including Lernaea sp., Argulus sp., Ergasilus sp., all of which belong to the crustacean group of parasites. From the trematode worm group, namely Dactylogyrus sp., Gyrodactylus sp. and Diplozoon sp. Ichthyophthirius multifilis, Trichodina sp. and Episthylis belong to the Ciliata class of protozoa. All these types of parasites can reduce crop yields, causing unnecessary losses to farmers. Efforts to control diseases caused by parasites can be done by using inorganic chemical drugs, but this method can pollute the environment and food products. Parasite control using natural ingredients sourced from plants is relatively safer for fish and the environment. Plants contain various types of organic chemical compounds that act as antiparasitic, including tannins, alkaloids, phenols and saponins. The purpose of writing this article is to convey information from various research results regarding the potential of plants that can be used to treat parasites in cultured freshwater fish. Based on the results of the submission of the article, it proves that several types of plants have the potential to treat diseases caused by several types of parasites, including Piper betle L, Leucas lavandulaefolia, Moringa oleifera, Morinda citrifolia, Allium sativum, Galla chinensis, Mucuna pruriens and Carica papaya. The types of parasites that can be controlled with these medicinal plants include Dactylogyrus sp., Trichodina sp., Argulus sp. Myxobolus sp., Lernaea sp., Neobenedenia sp., Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Gyrodactylus turnbulli and Epistylis sp. which attack the fish Cyprinus carpio L, Oreochromis niloticus, Clarias sp., Carassius auratus, Lates calcarifer, Ictalurus punctatus and Ictaurus punctatus. The application of treatment was carried out through immersion, but neither immersion time nor standard dose was obtained that could be used for all types of fish.