Potential of Bioactive Ingredients for Healthy 4D Food Printing: Applications and Challenges

Abstract

ABSTRACT 4D Food Printing (4DFP) is a state-of-the-art technology that creates complex food structures with complex shapes, textures, nutrition, and flavours that will change physicochemical properties due to different stimuli and processing with space and time. Using bioactive ingredients ensures value addition and is suitable for health. 4D printed food construct with bioactive ingredients can create printable materials that can transform the food products in colour, flavours, nutrition, and aroma over time by applying various stimuli. This review paper highlights the types of bioactive ingredients used in 4DFP. The diverse sources of these bioactive ingredients are also explored. The various applications of bioactive ingredients in 4DFP discussed in length. The various methods of incorporation of these bioactive ingredients are also reviewed. The role of bioactive ingredients in making a product 4D printed is also explained. The role of these ingredients in affecting the storage characteristics of 4D printed food products is examined. The aim of this paper is to cover the overall role of bioactive ingredients in 4DFP. Further research and development are necessary to fully unlock the potential of 4D printed foods enriched with bioactive ingredients.